This paper is to explore a mode for a designer to guide human landscape to proceed. Clement’s “moving garden” is an aspiration. He regards a “moving” way ---- a spontaneous growth to leave the factors in the system to their own devices.
If “moving” could be interpreted as an epitome of nature, it shows that things have their biggest liveness when evolving to perform excellence in diversity through uncertain reciprocity and contradiction and free from a singular fixed frame. Things moving with time, the borders of the frame become unclear, day and night, land and sea, city and nature changing. Does it mean the so-called fixed frame contradicts itself?
If so, since point can be considered as a smallest but the most basic degree in the landscape, my research aims to explore if we can use a mode which retrieves our design into such a point for activating this liveness in landscape architecture, through a number of theories and projects. Underpinning this research is a belief that internal unbalancedness existing in relationship among individuals and systems is the dynamics to run the world, rather than a series of relatively complete and stable phenomena.
This research will entail on one hand the project of “De la vellete” park by Bernard Tschumi, the theory of Gestalt psychology as well as the feature of border in the ecology, which are used to show that points are suitable mediums to streamline design from a normative pattern for letting diverse contradicted factors release in the system of landscape and become new dynamics; on the other hand, I will review the process of how space changes from “less” to more” and finally become “between” in the history of architecture,in order to shows that the architects catch the point by responding the moment when contradiction comes in the society.
Keywords:
moving, diversity, contradiction, landscape, evolve, point, moment
“He strives to do as little against the flow of nature as he possibly can……”
Michael Riha Context Paper LARC 263 9 November 2004
“left to their biological devices, plants good and bad will rub shoulders and intertwine in ways that determine where and how they grow. It’s the perpetual modification of the spaces of circulation and vegetation that justifies the term movement and the fact of overseeing this movement that justifies the term garden”.
Gilles Clement
image 3:La Devaltiere using the concept of Clement’s the Garden in Movement
September 2005
image 4:La Devaltiere May 2009
image 5: ecotone G. R. 'Dick' Roberts/NSIL/Getty Images
“It is here that seeds were sown and plants placed and they have since been left to fill in as they wish. They grow in every direction, untamed and never pruned. There are grasses, roses, bamboo, poppies and buddleia all left on their own. If one overtakes the other so be it, even the weeds here are part of the space. There is also no clear path by which to transverse this garden. Visitors are left to make their own way as best they see fit.”
Gilles Clement
“An ecotone may exist along a broad belt or in a small pocket….. is a transition area of vegetation between two different plant communities, such as forest and grassland. It has some of the characteristics of each bordering community and often contains species not found in the overlapping communities.”
By Mickey Z. Tue Dec 23, 2008 13:49
“Edge effects are especially pronounced in small habitat fragments where they may extend throughout the patch.”
Skole, DL; C. Tucker (1994).
'The tendency for increased variety and diversity at community junctions is known as the edge effect .... It is common knowledge that the density of songbirds is greater on estates, campuses and similar settings...as compared with tracts of uniform forest.'"
Eugene P. Odu
m, professor of zoology, 1971
image 6: Pac de la villette
“A system of dispersed “points”—the red enameled steel folies that support different cultural and leisure activities—is superimposed on a system of lines that emphasizes movement through the park”
Bernard Tschumi Achitecture http://www.tschumi.com/projects/3/#
“….. there is a third kind of aggregate which has been but cursorily investigated. These are the aggregates in which a manifold is not compounded from adjacently situated pieces but rather such that a term at its place in that aggregate is determined by the whole-laws of the aggregate itself. “
By Max Wertheimer, an address before the Kant Society, Berlin, 7 December 1924
image8:Gestalt law of Closure
http://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/File:Gestalt_ley_de_cierre.png
.
“Watching wasteland, I am not only fascinated by the energy of nature’s reclamation, I also want to know how to insert myself in the midst of this powerful flow.”
Gilles Clement
“Less is more” Mies van der Rohe
“Less is bore” Robert Venturi 
image 10:Vanna Venturi House 1962,when modernism was oppugned by the society for its radical
binary binary
“state of between” Peter Eisenman 1980s ,when dualism was oppugned
“ weak form”
image 11:Forster house, Palo Alto, California 1978
“He (Clement) chooses the moment when spontaneous growth involves all the elements usually found in a garden: trees, shrubs, vines, bulbs, grasses — even wild roses. The gardener’s role then is to guide and enrich in sympathy with natural process, integrating accidents like fallen trees.”
Louisa Jones, Groundbreaker: Gilles Clément
Reference:
1.Mickey Z.,"Green Glossary - Ecotone" http://planetgreen.discovery.com/travel-outdoors/green-glossary-ecotone.html
2."Parc de la Villette Paris", 1982-1998 http://www.tschumi.com/projects/3/
3.Mong Wang,"PRODUCTORA",2009-05-08 15:14:11 http://gb.cri.cn/27504/2009/05/07/2425s2504712.htm
4.Max Wertheimer,"Gestalt theory", 7 December 1924 http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/10/098.html
5.Max Wertheimer ,"Laws of Organization in Perceptual Forms ",1923 http://psy.ed.asu.edu/~classics/Wertheimer/Forms/forms.htm
6."Peter Eisenman", http://prelectur.stanford.edu/lecturers/eisenman/essays.html
7.Xiaowei Luo,"modern and contemporary history of foreign architecture",2003
8.Olga T.Kontzias,"Environmental Psychology for Design",2006
9.Louisa Jones ,"Groundbreaker: Gilles Clément " http://www.gardendesign.com/article/groundbreaker-gilles-clement
10. Michael Riha,"Parc Andre Citroen---South of Paris France---Landscape Architects: Gilles Clement and Alain Provost", 9 November 2004
Image credict list:
Image 1: http://www.designboom.com/contemporary/clement.html
Image 2: http://www.designboom.com/contemporary/clement.html
Image 3: http://www.ladevaltiere.com/2010/04/letting-nature-do-all-work.html
Image 4: http://www.ladevaltiere.com/2010/04/letting-nature-do-all-work.html
Image 5: http://planetgreen.discovery.com/travel-outdoors/green-glossary-ecotone.html
Image 6: http://www.tschumi.com/projects/3/
Image 7: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/63/Reification.jpg
Image 8: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Gestalt_ley_de_cierre.png
Image 9: http://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-cn/File:Barcelona_mies_v_d_rohe_pavillon_weltausstellung1999_03.jpg
Image 10: http://artisena.com/node/31574
Image 11: Image from book "modern and contemporary history of foreign architecture",p373
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